Losing your driver’s license can be a frustrating and stressful experience, affecting everything from your daily routine to your ability to work. Michigan law sets specific rules for how long a revocation or suspension lasts and what drivers must do to regain their driving privileges. The process can be complicated, with various factors influencing eligibility for reinstatement. Knowing what to expect and how to navigate the system is key to restoring your license as soon as possible.
If your license has been revoked or suspended in Michigan, getting it back requires careful attention to legal procedures. Whether you need to request a Driver’s License Appeal Hearing or navigate the Secretary of State’s reinstatement process, working with an experienced Oakland County license restoration lawyer can improve your chances of success. Michigan Defense Law helps drivers restore their licenses and regain their freedom to drive. Call (248) 451-2200 today for a consultation and take the first step toward getting back on the road.
MCL 257.320 – Overview of License Revocation & Suspension Authority
MCL 257.320 grants the Michigan Secretary of State (SOS) the authority to investigate, reexamine, and impose restrictions, suspensions, or revocations on a driver’s license. This law allows the SOS to assess a driver’s record or ability and determine whether their driving privileges should be limited or revoked if there is a valid concern about their fitness to drive.
The law is triggered by specific events, such as accumulating too many violation points. When the SOS invokes this authority, the driver receives a notice and may be required to undergo a driver reexamination. Suspensions under this section cannot exceed one year at a time, while revocations remain in effect until the driver meets specific conditions to regain their license, such as completing a rehabilitation program or providing medical clearance.
Common Reasons for License Revocation or Suspension
MCL 257.320 outlines several conditions that can prompt a license review and potential suspension or revocation:
- Medical or Physical Inability: If the SOS determines that a driver is incompetent to operate a vehicle due to a physical or mental condition, such as severe vision impairment, cognitive decline, or other medical concerns, their license may be suspended or revoked to prevent potential hazards on the road.
- Fatal Accident Involvement: If a driver is involved in a crash resulting in death, the SOS may review their qualifications, even if no criminal charges are filed. The state considers whether the driver’s actions contributed to the accident and whether continued driving poses a public safety risk.
- Multiple At-Fault Crashes: Having three or more accidents within 24 months, where each police report indicates the driver was at fault, can lead to a suspension or revocation. Repeated at-fault accidents demonstrate a pattern of unsafe driving that the SOS may deem dangerous.
- Excessive Points on Record: Accumulating 12 or more points within two years triggers a review. For probationary drivers, such as those with a restricted or newly issued license, accumulating as few as six points in two years may result in action, such as additional driving education requirements or suspension.
- Violating License Restrictions: Drivers who fail to adhere to the terms of their restricted license, such as driving outside permitted hours, operating a vehicle without required interlock devices, or exceeding passenger limits, may face revocation or suspension.
The SOS has the discretion to impose restrictions, set a suspension period, or revoke the license based on the reexamination findings. Depending on the severity of the violations, drivers may also be required to complete defensive driving courses, substance abuse evaluations, or other corrective measures before regaining their driving privileges.
License Suspension vs. Revocation – What’s the Difference?
Losing your driving privileges can have significant consequences, but it’s important to understand the key differences between a suspension and a revocation under Michigan law. While both result in the loss of the ability to drive legally, they differ in severity, duration, and the steps required for reinstatement.
Suspension
A suspension means your driving privileges are taken away temporarily for a defined period, ranging from days to up to one year. Once the suspension period ends and any conditions set by the SOS are met, your license is reinstated without the need for a new driving test. For example, if you receive a 90-day suspension for a violation, you can regain your license after 90 days by paying a reinstatement fee.
Under MCL 257.320, suspensions cannot exceed one year at a time. Some suspensions are indefinite, meaning they remain in effect until the driver complies with specific requirements, such as providing medical documentation. Essentially, a suspension is a temporary pause on driving privileges.
Revocation
A revocation is the full cancellation of your license with no automatic reinstatement. Instead, you must wait a minimum period before applying for a new license, typically through a hearing process. In Michigan, a revocation lasts at least one year, or five years if it is your second revocation within seven years. This means that even after the minimum waiting period, a driver must prove eligibility to regain a license. Revocations are issued for severe or repeated offenses, such as multiple DUI convictions or violations that demonstrate ongoing danger to public safety. Driving while revoked is a serious offense that can result in criminal charges and further penalties.
Restricted License
In some cases, the SOS may grant a restricted license instead of a full suspension or revocation. A restricted license allows driving under specific conditions, such as commuting to work, attending school, or traveling to medical appointments. These are commonly issued in DUI cases or after certain suspensions.
However, restricted licenses do not apply to Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) holders, as Michigan law does not permit restricted CDLs for operating commercial vehicles. For standard drivers, a restricted license is a lesser penalty that allows limited driving privileges under strict conditions.
The Points System – MCL 257.320a (Keeping Track of Violations)
Michigan’s point system, governed by MCL 257.320a, is designed to track traffic violations and assess risk based on a driver’s record. Points are assigned for each conviction and remain on the driver’s record for two years from the date of the violation. Accumulating points too quickly can significantly increase the risk of license suspension or revocation.
Different violations carry varying point values. Serious offenses such as drunk driving, reckless driving, or vehicle-related felonies result in 6 points, the highest in Michigan’s system. Moderate speeding violations typically result in 3 or 4 points, while minor offenses, such as driving 6–10 mph over the limit, result in 2 points. The severity of the violation determines the point total.
The Michigan Secretary of State (SOS) records points after courts report traffic convictions. If multiple violations occur during a single incident, only the highest-point offense is counted. Certain non-moving violations, like parking tickets or equipment issues, do not result in points.
As points accumulate, the SOS may initiate corrective actions:
- At 9 points, the SOS may require a driver to attend a reexamination or an interview about their driving record. This serves as a warning to address unsafe driving behavior. Failing to attend this interview leads to an automatic addition of 3 points to the driver’s record, which may push the total to 12 points.
- At 12 points, the SOS will conduct a license review, which may result in a suspension or revocation. This threshold indicates a pattern of unsafe driving behavior that requires intervention.
Michigan drivers who receive a ticket in another state may have that conviction reported on their Michigan driving record. If the out-of-state violation is a civil infraction and resulted from failing to appear in court, points may not be added. However, serious offenses such as DUI committed out of state will be treated with full effect in Michigan.
Points are intended as a warning system for unsafe driving. Drivers who accumulate points should consider adjusting their driving habits, completing defensive driving courses, or addressing outstanding tickets to reduce the risk of further penalties.
Driver Improvement Programs (MCL 257.320b & MCL 257.320d)
Michigan law provides educational programs to help drivers correct their behavior and avoid future violations. These programs can sometimes prevent a suspension or revocation or remove points from your record. Two key statutes address these programs:
Driver Safety Schools (MCL 257.320b)
A Driver Safety School is a remedial driving course designed to teach and reinforce safe driving habits. These programs are often established in local communities through advisory boards that include law enforcement and school officials. They function similarly to traffic school and help drivers who need a refresher on road safety.
Who Can Attend?
Michigan law outlines three groups eligible to attend driver safety school:
- Court-Referred Drivers: If a driver accumulates two or more moving violations within 12 months, a traffic court judge may require them to attend a driver safety school. In some cases, the court may delay sentencing on the ticket until the course is completed. Successfully finishing the program may result in reduced or dismissed charges, as it demonstrates an effort to improve driving habits.
- SOS-Referred Drivers: The Secretary of State may mandate attendance at a driver safety school after a driver reexamination hearing under MCL 257.320. This option is sometimes used as an alternative to immediate suspension when the SOS believes education could improve driving behavior.
- Voluntary Enrollment: Any driver may choose to take a driver safety course to enhance their skills. Some drivers do this proactively to reduce the risk of future violations or to qualify for insurance discounts, as some insurers provide reduced rates for drivers who complete defensive driving programs.
Course Requirements & Fees
Driver safety courses focus on defensive driving techniques and traffic laws. There may be a small fee (up to $10) to cover materials and instruction. However, only state-approved courses fulfill court or SOS requirements. If referred, drivers must attend an approved program to satisfy their obligation.
Basic Driver Improvement Course (BDIC) – MCL 257.320d
The Basic Driver Improvement Course (BDIC) is a special program that allows eligible drivers to avoid points on their record for minor traffic violations. By completing an approved course, drivers prevent the violation from being reported to their insurance provider, helping to avoid premium increases.
How It Works
- When a driver receives a minor moving violation, the Secretary of State evaluates eligibility for BDIC.
- If eligible, the SOS sends a notice offering the driver the opportunity to enroll.
- The driver has a limited time (usually 60 days) to complete an approved course.
- Upon passing, the course provider notifies the SOS of completion.
Effect on Driving Record
- The traffic ticket remains on the driver’s record, but no points are assessed.
- Insurance companies cannot see the violation, preventing rate increases.
- If the course is not completed on time, the points for the ticket are applied as usual, and the violation becomes visible to insurers.
- The BDIC benefit is limited to once per eligible offense, and drivers can only use it occasionally as allowed by law.
Limitations of BDIC
- Not all violations qualify. Serious offenses such as DUI, reckless driving, and any violations carrying six points or more are not eligible.
- BDIC does not apply to commercial drivers. If a violation occurred while operating a commercial vehicle, BDIC cannot be used to remove points.
- Court-ordered courses do not qualify. If a judge mandates a driver improvement course as part of a sentence, BDIC benefits do not apply. BDIC is only available when offered directly by the SOS.
Why These Programs Matter
For drivers facing suspension or revocation, these courses provide a valuable opportunity to retain their driving privileges. While they do not restore a revoked license, they can prevent the situation from worsening by reducing points or demonstrating an effort to improve driving behavior.
Drivers nearing 12 points should watch for a BDIC eligibility notice after receiving a ticket—it could prevent license suspension. If the SOS or court requires attendance at a traffic school, drivers should take advantage of the opportunity. Completing the course shows a commitment to responsible driving, which can be beneficial when trying to keep or regain a license.
How to Get Your License Back After Revocation or Suspension
Regaining a revoked license in Michigan is not automatic. The process involves serving a waiting period, undergoing evaluations, and meeting reinstatement requirements. A suspension, by contrast, has a set end date, and the license can typically be reinstated once the conditions are met.
Mandatory Waiting Period
A revoked license cannot be reinstated until a specific period has passed. A first revocation generally lasts at least one year, while a second revocation within seven years results in a five-year waiting period. The duration is stated in the revocation notice. During this time, driving is completely prohibited.
Suspensions, on the other hand, have a fixed term. Once completed, the driver can apply for reinstatement without a hearing unless other conditions apply.
Reapplying for a License
After serving the revocation period, a driver does not automatically regain their license. Instead, they must reapply as a new driver, which typically requires passing vision, written, and road tests.
Some financial-related suspensions, such as those due to unsatisfied judgments under MCL 321a, may not require re-testing. However, revocations resulting from unsafe driving or criminal offenses almost always require reexamination.
Secretary of State Hearing
For most revocations, especially those related to alcohol or reckless driving offenses, a Driver’s License Appeal Hearing is required. This hearing is conducted by the Office of Hearings and Administrative Oversight (OHAO). Drivers must prove they deserve their license back by presenting evidence of rehabilitation, such as substance abuse treatment or improved driving behavior.
If the hearing officer approves reinstatement, the driver may receive a restricted license with conditions, such as an ignition interlock device. If denied, the driver must wait before reapplying, typically one year.
License Reinstatement Fee
Once approved, drivers must pay a $125 reinstatement fee to the Secretary of State. This fee applies to most revocations and suspensions related to traffic violations, including DUIs and failure to appear in court.
For medical-related suspensions, the fee is waived. Certain infractions under MCL 321c qualify for a reduced reinstatement fee of $85.
Compliance with Additional Conditions
Depending on the reason for the revocation, additional steps may be required. Drivers with alcohol-related revocations may need to use an ignition interlock device for a set period. Medical suspensions may require a doctor’s clearance, and substance-related cases may need documented proof of long-term sobriety.
Automatic Reinstatement for Certain Past Suspensions
Recent changes to Michigan law recognized that some past reasons for suspension should no longer lead to license loss. Previously, drivers could lose their licenses for certain drug offenses or failure to pay fines unrelated to driving. Under MCL 257.320e(4), if a license was suspended or revoked for a reason that is no longer part of the law, the Secretary of State must immediately reinstate the license and waive the fee.
This occurred when Michigan eliminated suspensions for unpaid Driver Responsibility Fees, leading to automatic reinstatement for many drivers. While this applies only in limited situations, it is worth checking with the Secretary of State if your license remains revoked for an offense that no longer applies. You may qualify for immediate reinstatement under this provision.
| Step / Requirement | What Michigan Law / Practice Says | Notes / Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Mandatory Waiting Period | A first revocation requires at least 1 year; a second within 7 years triggers a 5-year wait. Suspensions have a fixed term. | No driving is allowed during revocation. Suspensions usually do not require hearings. |
| Reapplying for a License | After revocation, drivers must reapply as new applicants by passing vision, written, and road tests. | Financial-related suspensions may not require testing. Unsafe or criminal offenses usually require full re-testing. |
| Secretary of State Hearing | Required for revocations involving alcohol, drugs, or reckless driving. | Drivers must show rehabilitation. A restricted license may be issued if approved. |
| License Reinstatement Fee | Most cases require a $125 fee. Some qualify for a reduced $85 fee. No fee for medical suspensions. | Fees are paid to the Secretary of State. Reduced fees apply in specific situations. |
| Compliance with Additional Conditions | May include installing an ignition interlock, providing sobriety proof, or getting medical clearance. | Requirements vary based on the reason for revocation or suspension. |
| Automatic Reinstatement for Certain Past Suspensions | Applies if the suspension was based on a law that no longer applies. | No application or fee is required. Check with the Secretary of State to confirm eligibility. |
Legal Considerations and Tips
Understanding the legal implications of license revocations and suspensions can help you avoid further penalties and navigate the reinstatement process effectively.
Driving While Revoked or Suspended
If your license is revoked or suspended, do not drive under any circumstances. Michigan law (MCL 257.904) makes it a misdemeanor to drive with a suspended or revoked license. Repeat offenses can result in a felony charge. If caught, you may face fines, jail time, an extended suspension or revocation period, and possible vehicle impoundment or immobilization. It is always safer to wait until your license is legally reinstated.
Keeping Your Address Updated
The Secretary of State (SOS) sends important notices, including reexamination letters and hearing dates, by mail to the last known address on file. If you move and do not update your address, you might miss critical notices, leading to an automatic suspension for failure to appear. Michigan law requires updating your driver’s license address within 10 days of moving.
Right to Appeal a License Sanction
If you believe your license was unfairly suspended or revoked, you have options for appeal:
- Administrative Hearing: You can request a hearing with the Office of Hearings and Administrative Oversight (OHAO) to contest a suspension or revocation. You must request this hearing within 14 days of the SOS’s decision.
- Judicial Review: If the administrative appeal is unsuccessful, you may appeal to the circuit court in your county. This must typically be done within 63 days, though courts can extend it up to 182 days for good cause. However, the court applies the law as it was when you committed the offense, meaning changes in law after your violation will not affect your case.
Because circuit court appeals involve complex legal arguments, consulting an attorney can improve your chances of success.
Insurance Consequences
Suspensions and revocations appear on your driving record abstract, which insurance companies can see. As a result, your rates may increase significantly, or your policy may be canceled. Keeping a clean record or working to restore your license can help you avoid long-term financial consequences. Programs like the Basic Driver Improvement Course (BDIC) can help reduce points, which can also improve your insurance rates.
Get Experienced Legal Help from Michigan Defense Law
Facing the process of reinstating a revoked or suspended license in Michigan can be challenging, especially when dealing with hearings, eligibility requirements, and legal deadlines. Understanding MCL 257.320 is just the first step—having the right legal guidance can make all the difference in successfully restoring your driving privileges. Taking proactive steps now can help you avoid further complications and get back on the road sooner.
If you’re facing a license suspension or revocation, the team at Michigan Defense Law is ready to help. With experience handling license restoration cases in Oakland County and throughout Michigan, we can guide you through the process and fight for your reinstatement. Don’t let a revoked license hold you back – call (248) 451-2200 today to schedule a consultation and start working toward getting your license back.
